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	<title>Cancer and Paternal Age?</title>
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		<title>Cancer and Paternal Age?</title>
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		<title>Many gene mutations drive Cancer</title>
		<link>http://elizabethcharlotte.wordpress.com/2007/04/13/many-gene-mutations-drive-cancer-2/</link>
		<comments>http://elizabethcharlotte.wordpress.com/2007/04/13/many-gene-mutations-drive-cancer-2/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 13 Apr 2007 05:13:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>elizabethcharlotte</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[Many gene mutations drive cancer Kinase proteins control cell division The number of mutated genes that drive the development of cancer is greater than had been thought, research shows.However, as well as these &#8220;driver&#8221; mutations, each type of cancer cell carries many more &#8220;passenger&#8221; mutations which play no role in causing disease. The findings, published [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=elizabethcharlotte.wordpress.com&amp;blog=855245&amp;post=5&amp;subd=elizabethcharlotte&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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<p class="sh">Many gene mutations drive cancer</p>
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<td width="416" vAlign="top"><font size="2"><!-- S BO --><!-- S IIMA --></p>
<table border="0" align="right" width="203" cellPadding="0" cellSpacing="0">
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<td><img border="0" width="203" src="http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/42648000/jpg/_42648193_kinase_cred203.jpg" alt="Cancer protein" height="152" /></p>
<p class="cap">Kinase proteins control cell division</p>
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<p><!-- E IIMA --><!-- S SF --><strong>The number of mutated genes that drive the development of cancer is greater than had been thought, research shows.</strong>However, as well as these &#8220;driver&#8221; mutations, each type of cancer cell carries many more &#8220;passenger&#8221; mutations which play no role in causing disease.</p>
<p>The findings, published in Nature, come from the most extensive analysis yet of the human genome and cancer.</p>
<p>Sanger Institute scientists looked at more than 500 human genes and 200 types of cancer.</p>
<p><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/6424117.stm">http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/6424117.stm</a><!-- E SF --></p>
<p></font></td>
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			<media:title type="html">Cancer protein</media:title>
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		<title>Paternal age at birth and risk of cancer  October 31, 2005 BMC</title>
		<link>http://elizabethcharlotte.wordpress.com/2007/04/13/paternal-age-at-birth-and-risk-of-cancer-october-31-2005-bmc/</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 13 Apr 2007 05:13:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>elizabethcharlotte</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[cancer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[genes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mutations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[offspring]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[paternal age]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[BMC Cancer. 2005; 5: 143. Published online 2005 October 31. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-5-143. Copyright © 2005 Choi et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. Association of paternal age at birth and the risk of breast cancer in offspring: a case control study Ji-Yeob Choi,1 Kyoung-Mu Lee,1 Sue Kyung Park,1 Dong-Young Noh,2 Sei-Hyun Ahn,3 Keun-Young Yoo,1 and Daehee [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=elizabethcharlotte.wordpress.com&amp;blog=855245&amp;post=8&amp;subd=elizabethcharlotte&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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<p class="fm-vol-iss-date"><a href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1291359" title="Association of paternal age at birth and risk of cancer">BMC Cancer. 2005; 5: 143. </a></p>
<p><span class="fm-vol-iss-date">Published online 2005 October 31. </span><span class="fm-vol-iss-date"></span><span class="fm-vol-iss-date">doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-5-143.</span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;" class="fm-copyright"><a href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/about/copyright.html" class="int-reflink">Copyright</a> © 2005 Choi et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</p>
<p class="fm-title">Association of paternal age at birth and the risk of breast cancer in offspring: a case control study</p>
<p class="fm-author">Ji-Yeob Choi,<sup>1</sup> Kyoung-Mu Lee,<sup>1</sup> Sue Kyung Park,<sup>1</sup> Dong-Young Noh,<sup>2</sup> Sei-Hyun Ahn,<sup>3</sup> Keun-Young Yoo,<sup>1</sup> and Daehee Kang<sup><img src="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/corrauth.gif" alt="corresponding author" /></sup><sup>1,</sup><sup>4</sup></p>
<p class="fm-affl"><sup>1</sup>Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong Chongno-Gu, Seoul 110-799 Korea</p>
<p class="fm-affl"><sup>2</sup>Department of General Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong Chongno-Gu, Seoul 110-799 Korea</p>
<p class="fm-affl"><sup>3</sup>Department of General Surgery, Ulsan University College of Medicine, 388-1 Pungnap-2dong Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea</p>
<p class="fm-affl"><sup>4</sup>Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong Chongno-Gu, Seoul 110-799 Korea</p>
<p class="fm-footnote"><sup><img src="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/corrauth.gif" alt="corresponding author" /></sup>Corresponding author.</p>
<p class="fm-footnote"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2358872" title="id2358872"></a>Ji-Yeob Choi: <span><a href="mailto:miso77@snu.ac.kr" class="ext-reflink">miso77@snu.ac.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2358872").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.ca.uns/ta/77osim:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.ca.uns/ta/77osim&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;>; </span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2358898" title="id2358898"></a>Kyoung-Mu Lee: <span><a href="mailto:kmlee92@snu.ac.kr" class="ext-reflink">kmlee92@snu.ac.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2358898").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.ca.uns/ta/29eelmk:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.ca.uns/ta/29eelmk&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;>; </span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2523080" title="id2523080"></a>Sue Kyung Park: <span><a href="mailto:suepark@kku.ac.kr" class="ext-reflink">suepark@kku.ac.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2523080").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.ca.ukk/ta/krapeus:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.ca.ukk/ta/krapeus&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;>; </span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2523106" title="id2523106"></a>Dong-Young Noh: <span><a href="mailto:dynoh@plaza.snu.ac.kr" class="ext-reflink">dynoh@plaza.snu.ac.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2523106").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.ca.uns.azalp/ta/honyd:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.ca.uns.azalp/ta/honyd&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;>; </span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2529126" title="id2529126"></a>Sei-Hyun Ahn: <span><a href="mailto:ahnsh@amc.seoul.kr" class="ext-reflink">ahnsh@amc.seoul.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2529126").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.luoes.cma/ta/hsnha:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.luoes.cma/ta/hsnha&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;>; </span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2529152" title="id2529152"></a>Keun-Young Yoo: <span><a href="mailto:kyyoo@plaza.snu.ac.kr" class="ext-reflink">kyyoo@plaza.snu.ac.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2529152").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.ca.uns.azalp/ta/ooyyk:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.ca.uns.azalp/ta/ooyyk&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;>; </span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2529190" title="id2529190"></a>Daehee Kang: <span><a href="mailto:dhkang@snu.ac.kr" class="ext-reflink">dhkang@snu.ac.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2529190").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.ca.uns/ta/gnakhd:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.ca.uns/ta/gnakhd&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;></span></p>
<p class="fm-pubdate">Received July 8, 2005; Accepted October 31, 2005.</p>
<p class="fm-copyright">This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<span><a target="pmc_ext" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/redirect3.cgi?&amp;&amp;reftype=extlink&amp;artid=1291359&amp;iid=18090&amp;jid=16&amp;FROM=Article%7CFront%20Matter&amp;TO=External%7CLink%7CURI&amp;article-id=1291359&amp;journal-id=16&amp;rendering-type=normal&amp;&amp;http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0" class="ext-reflink">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0</a></span>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p>
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<p class="fm-vol-iss-date">BMC Cancer. 2005; 5: 143.</p>
<p><span class="fm-vol-iss-date">Published online 2005 October 31. </span><span class="fm-vol-iss-date"></span><span class="fm-vol-iss-date">doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-5-143.</span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;" class="fm-copyright"><a href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/about/copyright.html" class="int-reflink">Copyright</a> © 2005 Choi et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</p>
<p class="fm-title">Association of paternal age at birth and the risk of breast cancer in offspring: a case control study</p>
<p class="fm-author">Ji-Yeob Choi,<sup>1</sup> Kyoung-Mu Lee,<sup>1</sup> Sue Kyung Park,<sup>1</sup> Dong-Young Noh,<sup>2</sup> Sei-Hyun Ahn,<sup>3</sup> Keun-Young Yoo,<sup>1</sup> and Daehee Kang<sup><img src="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/corrauth.gif" alt="corresponding author" /></sup><sup>1,</sup><sup>4</sup></p>
<p class="fm-affl"><sup>1</sup>Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong Chongno-Gu, Seoul 110-799 Korea</p>
<p class="fm-affl"><sup>2</sup>Department of General Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong Chongno-Gu, Seoul 110-799 Korea</p>
<p class="fm-affl"><sup>3</sup>Department of General Surgery, Ulsan University College of Medicine, 388-1 Pungnap-2dong Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea</p>
<p class="fm-affl"><sup>4</sup>Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong Chongno-Gu, Seoul 110-799 Korea</p>
<p class="fm-footnote"><sup><img src="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/corrauth.gif" alt="corresponding author" /></sup>Corresponding author.</p>
<p class="fm-footnote"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2358872" title="id2358872"></a>Ji-Yeob Choi: <span><a href="mailto:miso77@snu.ac.kr" class="ext-reflink">miso77@snu.ac.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2358872").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.ca.uns/ta/77osim:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.ca.uns/ta/77osim&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;>; </span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2358898" title="id2358898"></a>Kyoung-Mu Lee: <span><a href="mailto:kmlee92@snu.ac.kr" class="ext-reflink">kmlee92@snu.ac.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2358898").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.ca.uns/ta/29eelmk:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.ca.uns/ta/29eelmk&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;>; </span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2523080" title="id2523080"></a>Sue Kyung Park: <span><a href="mailto:suepark@kku.ac.kr" class="ext-reflink">suepark@kku.ac.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2523080").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.ca.ukk/ta/krapeus:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.ca.ukk/ta/krapeus&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;>; </span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2523106" title="id2523106"></a>Dong-Young Noh: <span><a href="mailto:dynoh@plaza.snu.ac.kr" class="ext-reflink">dynoh@plaza.snu.ac.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2523106").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.ca.uns.azalp/ta/honyd:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.ca.uns.azalp/ta/honyd&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;>; </span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2529126" title="id2529126"></a>Sei-Hyun Ahn: <span><a href="mailto:ahnsh@amc.seoul.kr" class="ext-reflink">ahnsh@amc.seoul.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2529126").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.luoes.cma/ta/hsnha:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.luoes.cma/ta/hsnha&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;>; </span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2529152" title="id2529152"></a>Keun-Young Yoo: <span><a href="mailto:kyyoo@plaza.snu.ac.kr" class="ext-reflink">kyyoo@plaza.snu.ac.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2529152").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.ca.uns.azalp/ta/ooyyk:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.ca.uns.azalp/ta/ooyyk&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;>; </span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2529190" title="id2529190"></a>Daehee Kang: <span><a href="mailto:dhkang@snu.ac.kr" class="ext-reflink">dhkang@snu.ac.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2529190").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.ca.uns/ta/gnakhd:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.ca.uns/ta/gnakhd&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;></span></p>
<p class="fm-pubdate">Received July 8, 2005; Accepted October 31, 2005.</p>
<p class="fm-copyright">This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<span><a target="pmc_ext" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/redirect3.cgi?&amp;&amp;reftype=extlink&amp;artid=1291359&amp;iid=18090&amp;jid=16&amp;FROM=Article%7CFront%20Matter&amp;TO=External%7CLink%7CURI&amp;article-id=1291359&amp;journal-id=16&amp;rendering-type=normal&amp;&amp;http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0" class="ext-reflink">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0</a></span>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p>
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<p class="fm-vol-iss-date">BMC Cancer. 2005; 5: 143.</p>
<p><span class="fm-vol-iss-date">Published online 2005 October 31. </span><span class="fm-vol-iss-date"></span><span class="fm-vol-iss-date">doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-5-143.</span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;" class="fm-copyright"><a href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/about/copyright.html" class="int-reflink">Copyright</a> © 2005 Choi et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</p>
<p class="fm-title">Association of paternal age at birth and the risk of breast cancer in offspring: a case control study</p>
<p class="fm-author">Ji-Yeob Choi,<sup>1</sup> Kyoung-Mu Lee,<sup>1</sup> Sue Kyung Park,<sup>1</sup> Dong-Young Noh,<sup>2</sup> Sei-Hyun Ahn,<sup>3</sup> Keun-Young Yoo,<sup>1</sup> and Daehee Kang<sup><img src="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/corrauth.gif" alt="corresponding author" /></sup><sup>1,</sup><sup>4</sup></p>
<p class="fm-affl"><sup>1</sup>Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong Chongno-Gu, Seoul 110-799 Korea</p>
<p class="fm-affl"><sup>2</sup>Department of General Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong Chongno-Gu, Seoul 110-799 Korea</p>
<p class="fm-affl"><sup>3</sup>Department of General Surgery, Ulsan University College of Medicine, 388-1 Pungnap-2dong Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea</p>
<p class="fm-affl"><sup>4</sup>Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong Chongno-Gu, Seoul 110-799 Korea</p>
<p class="fm-footnote"><sup><img src="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/corrauth.gif" alt="corresponding author" /></sup>Corresponding author.</p>
<p class="fm-footnote"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2358872" title="id2358872"></a>Ji-Yeob Choi: <span><a href="mailto:miso77@snu.ac.kr" class="ext-reflink">miso77@snu.ac.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2358872").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.ca.uns/ta/77osim:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.ca.uns/ta/77osim&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;>; </span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2358898" title="id2358898"></a>Kyoung-Mu Lee: <span><a href="mailto:kmlee92@snu.ac.kr" class="ext-reflink">kmlee92@snu.ac.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2358898").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.ca.uns/ta/29eelmk:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.ca.uns/ta/29eelmk&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;>; </span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2523080" title="id2523080"></a>Sue Kyung Park: <span><a href="mailto:suepark@kku.ac.kr" class="ext-reflink">suepark@kku.ac.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2523080").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.ca.ukk/ta/krapeus:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.ca.ukk/ta/krapeus&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;>; </span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2523106" title="id2523106"></a>Dong-Young Noh: <span><a href="mailto:dynoh@plaza.snu.ac.kr" class="ext-reflink">dynoh@plaza.snu.ac.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2523106").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.ca.uns.azalp/ta/honyd:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.ca.uns.azalp/ta/honyd&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;>; </span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2529126" title="id2529126"></a>Sei-Hyun Ahn: <span><a href="mailto:ahnsh@amc.seoul.kr" class="ext-reflink">ahnsh@amc.seoul.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2529126").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.luoes.cma/ta/hsnha:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.luoes.cma/ta/hsnha&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;>; </span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2529152" title="id2529152"></a>Keun-Young Yoo: <span><a href="mailto:kyyoo@plaza.snu.ac.kr" class="ext-reflink">kyyoo@plaza.snu.ac.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2529152").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.ca.uns.azalp/ta/ooyyk:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.ca.uns.azalp/ta/ooyyk&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;>; </span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2529190" title="id2529190"></a>Daehee Kang: <span><a href="mailto:dhkang@snu.ac.kr" class="ext-reflink">dhkang@snu.ac.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2529190").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.ca.uns/ta/gnakhd:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.ca.uns/ta/gnakhd&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;></span></p>
<p class="fm-pubdate">Received July 8, 2005; Accepted October 31, 2005.</p>
<p class="fm-copyright">This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<span><a target="pmc_ext" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/redirect3.cgi?&amp;&amp;reftype=extlink&amp;artid=1291359&amp;iid=18090&amp;jid=16&amp;FROM=Article%7CFront%20Matter&amp;TO=External%7CLink%7CURI&amp;article-id=1291359&amp;journal-id=16&amp;rendering-type=normal&amp;&amp;http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0" class="ext-reflink">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0</a></span>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p>
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<p class="fm-vol-iss-date">BMC Cancer. 2005; 5: 143.</p>
<p><span class="fm-vol-iss-date">Published online 2005 October 31. </span><span class="fm-vol-iss-date"></span><span class="fm-vol-iss-date">doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-5-143.</span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;" class="fm-copyright"><a href="http://null/about/copyright.html" class="int-reflink">Copyright</a> © 2005 Choi et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</p>
<p class="fm-title">Association of paternal age at birth and the risk of breast cancer in offspring: a case control study</p>
<p class="fm-author">Ji-Yeob Choi,<sup>1</sup> Kyoung-Mu Lee,<sup>1</sup> Sue Kyung Park,<sup>1</sup> Dong-Young Noh,<sup>2</sup> Sei-Hyun Ahn,<sup>3</sup> Keun-Young Yoo,<sup>1</sup> and Daehee Kang<sup><img src="http://null/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/corrauth.gif" alt="corresponding author" /></sup><sup>1,</sup><sup>4</sup></p>
<p class="fm-affl"><sup>1</sup>Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong Chongno-Gu, Seoul 110-799 Korea</p>
<p class="fm-affl"><sup>2</sup>Department of General Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong Chongno-Gu, Seoul 110-799 Korea</p>
<p class="fm-affl"><sup>3</sup>Department of General Surgery, Ulsan University College of Medicine, 388-1 Pungnap-2dong Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea</p>
<p class="fm-affl"><sup>4</sup>Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong Chongno-Gu, Seoul 110-799 Korea</p>
<p class="fm-footnote"><sup><img src="http://null/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/corrauth.gif" alt="corresponding author" /></sup>Corresponding author.</p>
<p class="fm-footnote"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2358872" title="id2358872"></a>Ji-Yeob Choi: <span><a href="mailto:miso77@snu.ac.kr" class="ext-reflink">miso77@snu.ac.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2358872").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.ca.uns/ta/77osim:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.ca.uns/ta/77osim&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;>; </span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2358898" title="id2358898"></a>Kyoung-Mu Lee: <span><a href="mailto:kmlee92@snu.ac.kr" class="ext-reflink">kmlee92@snu.ac.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2358898").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.ca.uns/ta/29eelmk:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.ca.uns/ta/29eelmk&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;>; </span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2523080" title="id2523080"></a>Sue Kyung Park: <span><a href="mailto:suepark@kku.ac.kr" class="ext-reflink">suepark@kku.ac.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2523080").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.ca.ukk/ta/krapeus:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.ca.ukk/ta/krapeus&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;>; </span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2523106" title="id2523106"></a>Dong-Young Noh: <span><a href="mailto:dynoh@plaza.snu.ac.kr" class="ext-reflink">dynoh@plaza.snu.ac.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2523106").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.ca.uns.azalp/ta/honyd:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.ca.uns.azalp/ta/honyd&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;>; </span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2529126" title="id2529126"></a>Sei-Hyun Ahn: <span><a href="mailto:ahnsh@amc.seoul.kr" class="ext-reflink">ahnsh@amc.seoul.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2529126").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.luoes.cma/ta/hsnha:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.luoes.cma/ta/hsnha&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;>; </span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2529152" title="id2529152"></a>Keun-Young Yoo: <span><a href="mailto:kyyoo@plaza.snu.ac.kr" class="ext-reflink">kyyoo@plaza.snu.ac.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2529152").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.ca.uns.azalp/ta/ooyyk:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.ca.uns.azalp/ta/ooyyk&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;>; </span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2529190" title="id2529190"></a>Daehee Kang: <span><a href="mailto:dhkang@snu.ac.kr" class="ext-reflink">dhkang@snu.ac.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2529190").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.ca.uns/ta/gnakhd:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.ca.uns/ta/gnakhd&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;></span></p>
<p class="fm-pubdate">Received July 8, 2005; Accepted October 31, 2005.</p>
<p class="fm-copyright">This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<span><a target="pmc_ext" href="http://null/redirect3.cgi?&amp;&amp;reftype=extlink&amp;artid=1291359&amp;iid=18090&amp;jid=16&amp;FROM=Article%7CFront%20Matter&amp;TO=External%7CLink%7CURI&amp;article-id=1291359&amp;journal-id=16&amp;rendering-type=normal&amp;&amp;http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0" class="ext-reflink">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0</a></span>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p>
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<p class="fm-vol-iss-date">BMC Cancer. 2005; 5: 143.</p>
<p><span class="fm-vol-iss-date">Published online 2005 October 31. </span><span class="fm-vol-iss-date"></span><span class="fm-vol-iss-date">doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-5-143.</span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;" class="fm-copyright"><a href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/about/copyright.html" class="int-reflink">Copyright</a> © 2005 Choi et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</p>
<p class="fm-title">Association of paternal age at birth and the risk of breast cancer in offspring: a case control study</p>
<p class="fm-author">Ji-Yeob Choi,<sup>1</sup> Kyoung-Mu Lee,<sup>1</sup> Sue Kyung Park,<sup>1</sup> Dong-Young Noh,<sup>2</sup> Sei-Hyun Ahn,<sup>3</sup> Keun-Young Yoo,<sup>1</sup> and Daehee Kang<sup><img src="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/corrauth.gif" alt="corresponding author" /></sup><sup>1,</sup><sup>4</sup></p>
<p class="fm-affl"><sup>1</sup>Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong Chongno-Gu, Seoul 110-799 Korea</p>
<p class="fm-affl"><sup>2</sup>Department of General Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong Chongno-Gu, Seoul 110-799 Korea</p>
<p class="fm-affl"><sup>3</sup>Department of General Surgery, Ulsan University College of Medicine, 388-1 Pungnap-2dong Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea</p>
<p class="fm-affl"><sup>4</sup>Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong Chongno-Gu, Seoul 110-799 Korea</p>
<p class="fm-footnote"><sup><img src="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/corrauth.gif" alt="corresponding author" /></sup>Corresponding author.</p>
<p class="fm-footnote"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2358872" title="id2358872"></a>Ji-Yeob Choi: <span><a href="mailto:miso77@snu.ac.kr" class="ext-reflink">miso77@snu.ac.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2358872").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.ca.uns/ta/77osim:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.ca.uns/ta/77osim&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;>; </span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2358898" title="id2358898"></a>Kyoung-Mu Lee: <span><a href="mailto:kmlee92@snu.ac.kr" class="ext-reflink">kmlee92@snu.ac.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2358898").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.ca.uns/ta/29eelmk:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.ca.uns/ta/29eelmk&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;>; </span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2523080" title="id2523080"></a>Sue Kyung Park: <span><a href="mailto:suepark@kku.ac.kr" class="ext-reflink">suepark@kku.ac.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2523080").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.ca.ukk/ta/krapeus:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.ca.ukk/ta/krapeus&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;>; </span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2523106" title="id2523106"></a>Dong-Young Noh: <span><a href="mailto:dynoh@plaza.snu.ac.kr" class="ext-reflink">dynoh@plaza.snu.ac.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2523106").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.ca.uns.azalp/ta/honyd:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.ca.uns.azalp/ta/honyd&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;>; </span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2529126" title="id2529126"></a>Sei-Hyun Ahn: <span><a href="mailto:ahnsh@amc.seoul.kr" class="ext-reflink">ahnsh@amc.seoul.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2529126").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.luoes.cma/ta/hsnha:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.luoes.cma/ta/hsnha&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;>; </span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2529152" title="id2529152"></a>Keun-Young Yoo: <span><a href="mailto:kyyoo@plaza.snu.ac.kr" class="ext-reflink">kyyoo@plaza.snu.ac.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2529152").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.ca.uns.azalp/ta/ooyyk:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.ca.uns.azalp/ta/ooyyk&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;>; </span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2529190" title="id2529190"></a>Daehee Kang: <span><a href="mailto:dhkang@snu.ac.kr" class="ext-reflink">dhkang@snu.ac.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2529190").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.ca.uns/ta/gnakhd:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.ca.uns/ta/gnakhd&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;></span></p>
<p class="fm-pubdate">Received July 8, 2005; Accepted October 31, 2005.</p>
<p class="fm-copyright">This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<span><a target="pmc_ext" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/redirect3.cgi?&amp;&amp;reftype=extlink&amp;artid=1291359&amp;iid=18090&amp;jid=16&amp;FROM=Article%7CFront%20Matter&amp;TO=External%7CLink%7CURI&amp;article-id=1291359&amp;journal-id=16&amp;rendering-type=normal&amp;&amp;http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0" class="ext-reflink">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0</a></span>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p>
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<p class="fm-vol-iss-date">BMC Cancer. 2005; 5: 143.</p>
<p><span class="fm-vol-iss-date">Published online 2005 October 31. </span><span class="fm-vol-iss-date"></span><span class="fm-vol-iss-date">doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-5-143.</span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0.5em;" class="fm-copyright"><a href="http://null/about/copyright.html" class="int-reflink">Copyright</a> © 2005 Choi et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</p>
<p class="fm-title">Association of paternal age at birth and the risk of breast cancer in offspring: a case control study</p>
<p class="fm-author">Ji-Yeob Choi,<sup>1</sup> Kyoung-Mu Lee,<sup>1</sup> Sue Kyung Park,<sup>1</sup> Dong-Young Noh,<sup>2</sup> Sei-Hyun Ahn,<sup>3</sup> Keun-Young Yoo,<sup>1</sup> and Daehee Kang<sup><img src="http://null/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/corrauth.gif" alt="corresponding author" /></sup><sup>1,</sup><sup>4</sup></p>
<p class="fm-affl"><sup>1</sup>Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong Chongno-Gu, Seoul 110-799 Korea</p>
<p class="fm-affl"><sup>2</sup>Department of General Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong Chongno-Gu, Seoul 110-799 Korea</p>
<p class="fm-affl"><sup>3</sup>Department of General Surgery, Ulsan University College of Medicine, 388-1 Pungnap-2dong Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea</p>
<p class="fm-affl"><sup>4</sup>Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong Chongno-Gu, Seoul 110-799 Korea</p>
<p class="fm-footnote"><sup><img src="http://null/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/corrauth.gif" alt="corresponding author" /></sup>Corresponding author.</p>
<p class="fm-footnote"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2358872" title="id2358872"></a>Ji-Yeob Choi: <span><a href="mailto:miso77@snu.ac.kr" class="ext-reflink">miso77@snu.ac.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2358872").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.ca.uns/ta/77osim:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.ca.uns/ta/77osim&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;>; </span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2358898" title="id2358898"></a>Kyoung-Mu Lee: <span><a href="mailto:kmlee92@snu.ac.kr" class="ext-reflink">kmlee92@snu.ac.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2358898").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.ca.uns/ta/29eelmk:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.ca.uns/ta/29eelmk&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;>; </span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2523080" title="id2523080"></a>Sue Kyung Park: <span><a href="mailto:suepark@kku.ac.kr" class="ext-reflink">suepark@kku.ac.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2523080").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.ca.ukk/ta/krapeus:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.ca.ukk/ta/krapeus&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;>; </span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2523106" title="id2523106"></a>Dong-Young Noh: <span><a href="mailto:dynoh@plaza.snu.ac.kr" class="ext-reflink">dynoh@plaza.snu.ac.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2523106").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.ca.uns.azalp/ta/honyd:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.ca.uns.azalp/ta/honyd&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;>; </span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2529126" title="id2529126"></a>Sei-Hyun Ahn: <span><a href="mailto:ahnsh@amc.seoul.kr" class="ext-reflink">ahnsh@amc.seoul.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2529126").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.luoes.cma/ta/hsnha:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.luoes.cma/ta/hsnha&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;>; </span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2529152" title="id2529152"></a>Keun-Young Yoo: <span><a href="mailto:kyyoo@plaza.snu.ac.kr" class="ext-reflink">kyyoo@plaza.snu.ac.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2529152").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.ca.uns.azalp/ta/ooyyk:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.ca.uns.azalp/ta/ooyyk&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;>; </span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a name="id2529190" title="id2529190"></a>Daehee Kang: <span><a href="mailto:dhkang@snu.ac.kr" class="ext-reflink">dhkang@snu.ac.kr</a></span> <!--                                         try {                                             document.getElementById("e_id2529190").innerHTML = '<a class="ext-reflink" href="' + reverseAndReplaceString('rk.ca.uns/ta/gnakhd:otliam', '/at/', '@') + '">&#8216; + reverseAndReplaceString(&#8216;rk.ca.uns/ta/gnakhd&#8217;, &#8216;/at/&#8217;,'@&#8217;) + &#8216;</a>&#8216;;                                         }                                         catch(e){}                                 //&#8211;></span></p>
<p class="fm-pubdate">Received July 8, 2005; Accepted October 31, 2005.</p>
<p class="fm-copyright">This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<span><a target="pmc_ext" href="http://null/redirect3.cgi?&amp;&amp;reftype=extlink&amp;artid=1291359&amp;iid=18090&amp;jid=16&amp;FROM=Article%7CFront%20Matter&amp;TO=External%7CLink%7CURI&amp;article-id=1291359&amp;journal-id=16&amp;rendering-type=normal&amp;&amp;http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0" class="ext-reflink">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0</a></span>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p>
<p class="fm-copyright">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="fm-copyright">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="abs-head2 head-separate">Background</p>
<p class="fm-copyright">Older paternal age may increase the germ cell mutation rate in the offspring. Maternal age may also mediate <em>in utero </em>exposure to pregnancy hormones in the offspring. To evaluate the association between paternal and maternal age at birth with the risk of breast cancer in female offspring, a case-control study was conducted in Korea.</p>
<p class="abs-head2 head-separate">Methods</p>
<p class="fm-copyright">Histologically confirmed breast cancer cases (n = 1,011) and controls (n = 1,011) with no present or previous history of cancer, matched on year of birth and menopausal status, were selected from several teaching hospitals and community in Seoul during 1995–2003. Information on paternal and maternal ages and other factors was collected by interviewed questionnaire. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated by unconditional logistic regression model adjusting for family history of breast cancer in 1<sup>st </sup>or 2<sup>nd </sup>degree relatives, and lifetime estrogen exposure duration.</p>
<p class="abs-head2 head-separate">Results</p>
<p class="fm-copyright">The risk of breast cancer significantly increased as the paternal age increased (p for trend = 0.025). The association was stronger after controlling for maternal age; women whose fathers were aged ≥40 years at their birth had 1.6-fold increased risk of breast cancer compared with fathers aged &lt;30 years. This association was profound in breast cancer cases in premenopausal women (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.12–3.26, for paternal aged ≥40 vs. &lt;30) (p for trend = 0.031). Although the risk of breast cancer increased as maternal age increased up to the intermediate, and then reduced; the risks in women whose mother were aged 25–29, 30–34, and ≥35 yrs at birth compared to women whose mothers were aged &lt;25 years, were 1.2, 1.4, and 0.8, respectively, the trend was not significant (p for trend = 0.998).</p>
<p class="abs-head2 head-separate">Conclusion</p>
<p class="fm-copyright">These findings suggest that older paternal age increases the risk of breast cancer in their female offspring.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
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		<title>&#8220;Many Gene Mutations Drive Cancer&#8221;</title>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 08 Mar 2007 22:13:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>elizabethcharlotte</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[cancer]]></category>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 08 Mar 2007 21:55:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>elizabethcharlotte</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[cancer]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[Many gene mutations drive cancer Kinase proteins control cell division The number of mutated genes that drive the development of cancer is greater than had been thought, research shows.However, as well as these &#8220;driver&#8221; mutations, each type of cancer cell carries many more &#8220;passenger&#8221; mutations which play no role in causing disease. The findings, published [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=elizabethcharlotte.wordpress.com&amp;blog=855245&amp;post=6&amp;subd=elizabethcharlotte&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<table border="0" width="629" cellPadding="0" cellSpacing="0">
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<td colSpan="3">
<p class="sh">Many gene mutations drive cancer</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="416" vAlign="top"><font size="2"><!-- S BO --><!-- S IIMA --></p>
<table border="0" align="right" width="203" cellPadding="0" cellSpacing="0">
<tr>
<td><img border="0" width="203" src="http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/42648000/jpg/_42648193_kinase_cred203.jpg" alt="Cancer protein" height="152" /></p>
<p class="cap">Kinase proteins control cell division</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><!-- E IIMA --><!-- S SF --><strong>The number of mutated genes that drive the development of cancer is greater than had been thought, research shows.</strong>However, as well as these &#8220;driver&#8221; mutations, each type of cancer cell carries many more &#8220;passenger&#8221; mutations which play no role in causing disease.</p>
<p>The findings, published in Nature, come from the most extensive analysis yet of the human genome and cancer.</p>
<p>Sanger Institute scientists looked at more than 500 human genes and 200 types of cancer</p>
<p><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/6424117.stm">http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/6424117.stm</a></p>
<p></font></td>
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			<media:title type="html">Cancer protein</media:title>
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		<title>Are there associations between advancing paternal age and risk of cancers in offspring?</title>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 08 Mar 2007 20:57:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>elizabethcharlotte</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[birth defects]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[paternal age]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[  Average paternal age in the UK is increasing. The public health implications of this trend have not been widely anticipated or debated. This commentary aims to contribute to such a debate. Accumulated chromosomal aberrations and mutations occurring during the maturation of male germ cells are thought to be responsible for the increased risk of [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=elizabethcharlotte.wordpress.com&amp;blog=855245&amp;post=1&amp;subd=elizabethcharlotte&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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<ul>
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<p align="left">Average paternal age in the UK is increasing. The public health<sup> </sup>implications of this trend have not been widely anticipated<sup> </sup>or debated. This commentary aims to contribute to such a debate.<sup> </sup>Accumulated chromosomal aberrations and mutations occurring<sup> </sup>during the maturation of male germ cells are thought to be responsible<sup> </sup>for the increased risk of certain conditions with older fathers.<sup> </sup>Growing evidence shows that the offspring of older fathers have<sup> </sup>reduced fertility and an increased risk of birth defects, some<sup> </sup>cancers, and schizophrenia. Adverse health outcomes should be<sup> </sup>weighed up against advantages for children born to older parents,<sup> </sup>mindful that these societal advantages are likely to change<sup> </sup>over time.<sup> </sup></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
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<p>                    <a href="http://press.psprings.co.uk/jech/october/851_ch45179.pdf">http://press.psprings.co.uk/jech/october/851_ch45179.pdf</a></p>
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